The association of increased suicidal thoughts, especially among adolescents, with antidepressant treatment has been a center of attention and controversy in recent years. In response to the meta-analysis of many studies, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a statement in 2007 concerning antidepressants and suicide. The FDA proposed that makers of all antidepressant medications indicate a warning on their products about a possible increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in young adults, ages 18 to 24, during initial treatment.
Why Are Antidepressants Prescribed?
As the name implies, antidepressants were initially used for the treatment of depression. It soon became evident, however, that in addition to improving one’s mood, antidepressants had an anti-panic and anti-anxiety effect on those with anxiety-related problems. Today, antidepressants are commonly used as a first-line medication for anxiety disorders, including panic disorder.
Antidepressants and Suicide – What Are the Signs?
The American Medical Association cites suicide is the third leading cause of death among persons aged 15 to 24 years and the eleventh most common cause of death for those aged 25 and older in the United States. Many times there are signs that someone is suicidal. According to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, warning signs for suicide may include:
- preoccupation with death
- feeling worthless
- talking about suicide
- withdrawing from family and friends
- changing eating or sleeping habits
- changing appearance
- sudden drop in school grades
- giving away favorite things
- frequently expressing anger and rage
- lack of interest in favorite activities
- becoming cheerful after a period of depression
What To Do
If you or someone you know is suicidal, it is a medical emergency. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts, talk to someone right away. You can call 911 or you can talk to someone at the following suicide prevention lines. You can call these numbers from anywhere in the United States, 24 hours a day: 1-800-SUICIDE (1-800-784-2433) or 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255)
So far, researchers have not found a definitive answer about the antidepressant-suicide connection. For the majority of people, antidepressants decrease depression and alleviate the helplessness and hopelessness that consumes their daily existence. But, for a small percentage of people taking antidepressants, this may not be the case. If you are concerned about this issue, be open with your doctor and don’t be afraid to ask questions.
Sources:
Antidepressant Use in Children, Adolescents, and Adults. Revisions to Product Labeling. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. May 2, 2007.
Suicide. JAMA, May 25, 2005—Vol 293, No. 20
SAMHSA. 2009. Know the Warning Signs-Prevent Suicide in Young People.
